Gut Podcast

Effects of bowel cleansing on the intestinal microbiota

In this podcast Dr Mairi McLean talks to Dr Joanna Jalanka about her recently published article in Gut entitled "Effects of bowel cleansing on the intestinal microbiota".
They discuss what was already known in the field and what has since been discovered, and how long these effects last and how the microbiota were measured.

Development of an enhanced human gastrointestinal epithelial culture system

Mairi McLean talks to Thaddeus S Stappenbeck, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, about his paper: Development of an enhanced human gastrointestinal epithelial culture system to facilitate patient-based assays.
Read the full paper: http://goo.gl/xeWDHz

Helicobacter pylori targets cancer-associated apical-junctional constituents

Helicobacter pylori strains that express the a protein that increases the risk of gastric cancer. However, the precise mechanisms through which the cancer risk is heightened have not been fully investigated and understood.
In this podcast Dr Mairi McLean talks to Dr Lydia Wroblewski from the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine about the study her group conducted to define mechanisms through which H. pylori modulates expression of the cancer-associated tight junction protein claudin-7.
To read the full paper please visit http://gut.bmj.com/content/64/5/720.full

Diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The traditional diagnostic criteria of renal failure in these patients were proposed in 1996 and have been refined in subsequent years. More recently the International Club of Ascites (ICA)redefined the criteria to reach a new definition of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with cirrhosis. Dr Mairi McLean speaks to lead author Professor Paolo Angeli from the University of Padova about the scientific evidence supporting the new approach to the diagnosis and treatment of acute kidney injury.Read the full article >> http://gut.bmj.com/content/64/4/531.full

Demonstration of the usefulness of epigenetic cancer risk prediction

Epigenetic alterations accumulate in normal-appearing tissues of patients with cancer, producing an epigenetic field defect. Cross-sectional studies show that the degree of the defect may be associated with risk in some types of cancer, especially cancers associated with chronic inflammation. Dr Mairi McLean speaks to Dr Toshikazu Ushijima about his study investigating these defects and the association with gastric cancer.

XIAP variants in male Crohn’s disease

The genetic basis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is incompletely understood, and the aim of a recent study in Gut was to identify rare genetic variants involved in the pathogenesis of IBD.
Mairi McLean speaks to authors Sebastian Zeissig, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, and Andre Franke, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, to hear what they found.
Read the full paper:
http://gut.bmj.com/content/64/1/66.full

Cell lineage distribution atlas reveals heterogeneous gland populations in the gastric antrum

The glands of the stomach body and antral mucosa contain a complex compendium of cell lineages. In lower mammals, the distribution of oxyntic glands and antral glands define the anatomical regions within the stomach.
Now a paper in Gut has examined in detail the distribution of the full range of cell lineages within the human stomach. Mairi McLean talks to authors James Goldenring, Eunyoung Choi and Joseph Roland, all Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
Read the full paper:
http://gut.bmj.com/content/63/11/1711.full

Classification, diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment of perianal fistulising Crohn’s disease

Mairi McLean talks to Krisztina Gecse about the classification, diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment of perianal fistulising Crohn's disease.
Read the related article:
http://gut.bmj.com/content/63/9/1381.full

Update on basic and clinical aspects of eosinophilic oesophagitis

The identification of a distinct syndrome, designated eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE), with its own clinical and histopathological characteristics, was first described in the early 1990s. Meanwhile intense research has uncovered many molecular, immunological and clinical aspects of this chronic-inflammatory disorder.
In this podcast, Mairi McLean talks to Professor Alex Straumann, Swiss EoE Clinic and EoE Research Network, about the basic and clinical insights of EoE gathered during the last few years.
Read Professor Straumann's update on the topic:
http://goo.gl/0B6h14

AIEC pathobiont instigates chronic colitis in susceptible hosts by altering microbiota composition

Inflammatory bowel disease is driven by a seemingly aberrant immune response to the gut microbiota with disease development dictated by genetics and environmental factors. A model exemplifying this notion is work by Andrew Gewirtz, Center for Inflammation, Immunity, & Infection, Georgia State University, and colleagues, demonstrating that colonisation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) during microbiota acquisition drove chronic colitis in mice lacking the flagellin receptor TLR5 (T5KO).
They have now published a paper in Gut hypothesising that AIEC instigates chronic inflammation by increasing microbial lipopolysaccharide and flagellin levels, and investigating how AIEC colonisation might instigate colitis in T5KO mice.
Mairi McLean talks to Dr Gerwitz about their findings.
Read the full paper (for free): http://gut.bmj.com/content/63/7/1069.full